INTERIM REC0VERY PLAN N0.  115

ROUND-LEAFED HONEYSUCKLE 

(LAMBERTIA ORBIFOLIA SUBSP.  
ORBIFOLIA MS) 
INTERIM RECOVERY PLAN 

2002-2007 

Robyn Phillimore and Andrew Brown

Photograph: A. Brown 
February 2002 

Depart ment of Conservation and Land Management 
Western Australian Threatened Species and Communities Unit (WATSCU) 

P0 Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6946 

FOREWORD 

Interim Recovery Plans (IRPs) are developed within the framework laid down in Department of Conservation and Land
Management (the Department) Policy Statements Nos. 44 and 50.

IRPs  outline  the recovery  actions  that are required  to urgently  address  those  threatening  processes  most  affecting  the ongoing survival of threatened taxa or ecological communities, and begin the recovery process.

The  Department  is committed  to ensuring  that  Critically  Endangered  taxa  are  conserved  through  the  preparation  and implementation of Recovery Plans or Interim Recovery Plans and by ensuring that conservation action commences as soon as possible and always within one year of endorsement of that rank by the Minister.

This Interim Recovery Plan will operate from  February 2002 to January 200 7 but will remain in force until withdrawn or replaced. It is intended that, if the taxon is still ranked Critically Endangered, this IRP will be replaced by a full Recovery Plan after five years.

This IRP was approved by the Acting Director of Nature Conservation  on 24 September, 2002. The  provision of funds identified in this Interim Recovery Plan is dependent on budgetary and other constraints affecting the Department, as well as the need to address other priorities.

Information in this IRP was accurate at February 2002 .

SUMMARY

Scienti fic Name:	Lambertia orbifolia subsp.
orbifolia ms	Common Name:	Round-leafed Honeysuckle	
Family:
Dept Region:	Proteaceae 
South Coast 	Flowering Period: Dept District:	November to May
Albany	
Shire:	Plantagenet 	Recovery Team:	Albany District Threatened Flora
Recovery Team (ADTFRT)	

Illustrations  and/or  further  information:  Brown,  A.,  Thomson-Dans,  C.  and  Marchant,  N.  (Eds).  (1998)   Western
Australia’s Threatened Flora . Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia ;

Current status: Following the s plitting of Lambertia orbifolia into two subspecies in September 1999, the subsp. orbifolia ms  was  ranked  as  Critically  Endangered  (CR).  It  currently  meets  World  Conservation  Union  (IUCN,  2000)  Red  List Category ‘CR’ under criteria B2ab(ii,iii,v) due to it being known from just three populations and a continuing decline in number of individuals, area and quality of habitat. The main threats are disease, grazing, road and track maintenance, weed invasion and inappropriate fire regimes.

Habitat requirements: Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms is endemic to Western Australia where it is found only in the  Narrikup  area,  growing  in Jarrah  (Eucalyptus  marginata),  Marri  (Corymbia  calophylla) and  Banksia woodland on grey/brown/white gravelly, sandy, loam over ironstone.

Critical habitat: The critical habitat for Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms comprises the area of occupancy of the known  populations;  similar  habitat  within  200 metres  of known  populations;  corridors  of remnant  vegetation  that link populations and additional nearby occurrences of similar habitat that do not currently contain the subspecies but may be used for translocations.

Existing Recovery Actions : The following recovery actions have been or are currently being implemented ­
1.    Land  managers  and adjacent  landowners  have been made aware  of the location  of the   Lambertia  orbifolia subsp.
orbifolia ms and its threatened status.
2.    Declared Rare Flora (DRF) markers have been installed at Population 1 and subpopulations 2a, 2b and 3a.
3.    Dashboard  stickers  and  posters  that  illustrate  DRF  markers  and  describe  their  purpose  have  been  produced  and distributed.
4.    Approximately 1356 seeds were collected from Population 1 between 1985 and 1996. During the same period a further
2237 seeds were collected from Population 2. These seeds are stored in the Department's Threatened Flora Seed Centre
(TFSC) at -18� C.
5.    Forty-five out of 51 (88%) of germinants received by the Botanic Garden and Parks Authority (BGPA) from the TFSC
have survived with another planting having 100% survival.
6.    An experimental translocation was initiated in 1998 and continued in 1999 and 2000. Three treatments were tested, light mulch, thick mulch and gro -cones. Monitoring has been undertaken every two months.
7.    L. Sage from Curtin University undertook an Honours project on Lambertia orbifolia.
8.    Research on the genetic structure and mating systems of  Lambertia orbifolia was undertaken by Science Division between 1996 and 1997.
9.    Hand spraying of phosphite, for the control of  Phytophthora  cinnamomi , was undertaken at Population 1 and 2 in autumn/winter of 1994 and 1995.
10.  An article and drawing of Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms was placed in the Albany Advertiser and Narrikup
News in April 2000.
11.  Staff from the Department's  Albany District attended the Department of Agriculture’s,  Wilson Inlet Catchment field day and gave an oral presentation on Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms and provided the Community Landcare Coordinator with posters for the area.
12.  Subpopulations 2a and 2b have been fenced. A dog -leg was put in by the private property owner so that the fence did
not go through the centre of the population.
13.  Staff  from  the Department's  Albany  District  0ffice   regularly  monitor  all populations  in relation  to the impact  of
Phytophthora  cinnamomi and effectiveness of phosphite application.
14.  The Albany District Threatened Flora Recovery Team (ADTFRT) is overseeing the implementation  of this IRP and will include it in its annual report to the Department's Corporate Executive and funding bodies.

IRP Objective : The objective of this Interim Recovery Plan is to abate identified threats and maintain or enhance in situ
populations to ensure the long-term pre servation of the subspecies in the wild.

Recovery criteria 
Criteria for success: The number of individuals within populations and/or the number of populations have increased. 
Criteria for failure: The number of individuals within populations and/or the number of populations have decreased. 

Recovery actions
1.	Coordinate recovery actions.	9.	Conduct further surveys.	
2.	Apply phosphite.	10.	Collect seed.	
3.	Install fencing.	11.	Liaise with land managers.	
4.	Propagate plants for translocation.	12.	Achieve long-term protection of habitat.	
5.	Undertake further translocations	13.	0btain  biological and ecological information.	
6.	Implement weed control.	14.	Promote awareness.	
7.	Develop and implement a fire management strategy.	15.	Write a full Recovery Plan.	
8.	Monitor populations			

1.	BACKGROUND

History

C.A. Gardner described Lambertia orbifolia in 1964 from a collection made from the Narrikup area by K.R. Newbey in the same year. The specific name, derived from the Latin orbis, refers to the rounded leaves. The species  was subsequently  also found  in the Scott  River  area some  200 km to the south-west.  Due to this disjunction it was thought that plants from the two areas may represent two subspecies. In 1999 research was conducted and, based on differences found in the genetic structure between plants in the two areas (Byrne et al.,
1999; Coates & Hamley, 1999),  L. orbifolia  was split into two subspecies. These being  L. orbifolia subsp.
orbifolia ms and L. orbifolia subsp. Scott River Plains (L.W. Sage 684).

Surveys undertaken by Departmental staff and volunteers have resulted in the discovery of two new populations. Currently, Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms is known from three populations (plus a fourth translocated population) containing a total of around 438 plants. Some populations  are in decline from fungal pathogens, primarily dieback (Phytophthora cinnamomi ).

Description

Lambertia orbifolia  subsp. orbifolia  ms is an erect shrub or small tree, up to four metres high with distinctive leaves that are held in opposite pairs or in whorls of three. The leaves, which are more or less circular or broadly elliptic, are 1.2 to five centimeters long and wide. Heads of four red flowers, each about five to six centimetres long, are surrounded by  a whorl of overlapping bracts. Flowering occurs throughout the year, but is mainly between November and May (Brown et al., 1998).

Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms can be distinguished from  L. orbifolia subsp. Scott River Plains (L.W. Sage 684) by its inflorescence, which has a shorter, thinner bract (personal communication G. Keighery 1). L. orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms is closely related to L. inermis but differs in its larger, hairier perianth, narrower, truncate bracts and much broader
sessile le aves (Gardner, 1964).

Distribution and habitat

Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms is endemic to Western Australia where it is found in the Narrikup area. Habitat is
Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), Marri (Corymbia calophylla ) and Banksia woodland on grey/brown/white gravelly, sandy,
loam over  ironstone.  Associated  species  include  Eucalyptus  marginata , Corymbia  calophylla , Banksia grandis,  Agonis hypericifolia, Nuytsia floribunda, Hakea ferruginea, Agonis parviceps, Anarthria prolifera , Bossiaea ornata, Leucopogon verticillatus, Isopogon formosus, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Hakea varia, Adenanthos obovatus, Eucalyptus staeri and Xanthorrhoea platyphylla .

Critical habitat

Critical  habitat  is habitat  identified  as being  critical  to the survival  of a listed  threatened  species  or listed  threatened ecological  community.  Habitat  is defined  as the biophysical  medium  or media  occupied  (continuously,  periodically  or occasionally) by an organism or group of organisms or once occupied (continuously,  periodically or occasionally) by an organism,  or  group   of  organisms,  and  into  which  organisms  of  that  kind  have  the  potential  to  be  reintroduced. (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)).

1 Greg Keighery, Principal Research Scientist, Science Division

The critical habitat for Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms comprises:
	the area of occupancy of the known populations,
	areas  of similar  habitat  ie. Jarrah,  Marri  and  Banksia  woodland  on grey/brown/white  gravelly,  sandy,  loam  over ironstone, within 200 metres of known populations (these provide potential habitat for natural recruitment),
	corridors  of remnant  vegetation  that  link  populations  (these  are  necessary  to allow  pollinators  to move  between populations),
	additional nearby occurrences of similar habitat ie. Jarrah, Marri and Banksia woodland on grey/brown/white gravelly, sandy, loam over ironstone that do not currently contain the subspecies (these represent possible translocation sites).

Biology and ecology

Lambertia orbifolia has populations in two widely separated areas (Narrikup and Scott River Plains). Research on the genetic structure and mating system of the species has shown that these populations have been isolated for quite some time and that this has led to independent evolution. The two forms should therefore be recognised as distinct subspecies (Byrne et al., 1999; Coates & Hamley, 1999).

Results from an Honours project undertaken by L. Sage2  has shown that Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms (Narrikup) differs from  L. orbifolia  subsp.  Scott  River  Plains  in aspects  of flowering,  plant  longevity  and follicle production. L. orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms plants also have fewer inflorescences. The subspecies is an obligate re-seeder (non sprouter) and is nonserotinous (seed is continually being dehisced). Large quantities of seed do not appear to be stored within the leaf litter or soil and may be eaten by granivores soon after being dehisced (Sage & Lamont, 1994).

The subspecies is killed by fire which appears to be a stimulus for recruitment from seed (Sage & Lamont,
1994).  Recruitment  is also  known  to occur  in low numbers  in unburnt  areas  (personal  communication  S Barrett3). Its response to soil disturbance and weed invasion is unknown although field observations suggest that weed invasion probably affects recruitment (0bbens  & Coates, 1997).

As yet,  no testing  has been  undertaken  by Science  Division  staff  in relation  to Phytophthora  cinnamomi susceptibility (personal communication C. Crane4). However, field observations suggest that the subspecies is very susceptible to the disease (CALM Vegetation Health Service). Keighery (1992) has also identified the subspecies as being highly susceptible.

Threats

Following the splitting of Lambertia orbifolia  into two subspecies in September 1999, the subsp. orbifolia ms was ranked as Critically Endangered (CR). It currently meets World Conservation Union (IUCN, 2000) Red List  Category  ‘CR’  under  criteria  B2ab(ii,iii,v)  due to it being  known  from  just three  populations  and a continuing decline in number of individuals, area and quality of habitat. The main threats are disease, grazing, road and track maintenance, weed invasion and inappropriate fire regimes.

	Disease is a threat to all populations. Subpopulations  3a and 3b are infected with  P. cinnamomi  with some deaths occurring. Dieback is also downslope of Subpopulations 2d and 2e. Aerial canker (Cryptodiaporthe sp., Diplodina sp.) has been visually identified at Populations 1 and 2 .

	Grazing. Areas of private property that contain  Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms are not currently stocked.
However, these populations are potentially at risk from possible future grazing and trampling by stock.

	Road and firebreak maintenance  threatens Population 1 and subpopulations 2a, 2b and 3a. Constru ction of drainage channels, grading and other road maintenance activities impact on the subspecies in these areas. Mowing of road verge vegetation by Shires to improve visibility can affect plants and/or associated habitat.

	Weed invasion  is  a  minor  threat  current  to all road  reserve  populations.  Weeds  suppress  early  plant  growth  by competing for soil moisture, nutrients and light. They also exacerbate grazing pressure and increase the fire hazard due

2 Lee Sage, Curtin University of Technology, Perth
3 Sarah Barrett, Flora 0fficer,  the Department's Albany District
4 Colin Crane, Senior Technic al 0fficer,  Science Division

to the  easy  ignition  of  high  fuel  loads,  which  are  produced  annually  by many  grass  weed  species  (Lynch  1987; Saunders et al. 1987; Taylor 1987).

	Inappropriate fire may affect the viability of populations. Seed of Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms germinates following  fire  and  the  soil  seed  bank  would  rapidly  be depleted  if fires  recurred  before  juvenile  plants  reached maturity. However, it is likely that occasional fires are needed for recruitment. Further investigation is required and will be addressed in management action 14.

Summary of population information and threats

Pop. No. & Location	Land Status	Year/No. plants	Condition	Threats	
1. WNW Narrikup	Shire Road reserve	1999	95+ (26+) [15+ dead]	Moderate	Disease, fire, road maintenance,
weeds	
2a. WNW Narrikup	Shire Road reserve	1995	*23 (7) [3 dead]
1999	13	Moderate	Disease, fire, road maintenance,
weeds	
2b. WNW Narrikup	Private property	1995	*see 2a
1999	2 [1 dead]	Moderate	Disease, firebreak maintenance,
fire, grazing, weeds	
2c. WNW Narrikup	Private property	1995	*see 2a
1999	3	Moderate	Disease, fire, grazing, weeds	
2a. WNW Narrikup	Private property	1999	150+ (300+) [10+
dead]	Healthy	Disease, fire, grazing, weeds	
2b. WNW Narrikup	Private property	2000	100+	Healthy	Disease, fire, weeds	
3a. WNW Narrikup	Shire Recreation
Reserve	1997	24
2000	50+ (200+)	Healthy	Disease (dieback infested),
firebreak maintenance, fire, weeds	
3b. WNW Narrikup	Private property	2000	(5)	Healthy	Disease (dieback infested), fire,
weeds	
**4. SW Narrikup	Conservation
Reserve (Flora & Fauna)	1999	540
2000	577	Healthy		
Note: * total for both subpopulations  combined. Numbers in brackets ( ) = seedlings. ** Population 4 = a translocated population.

Guide for decision-makers

Section 1 provides details of current and possible future threats. Developments  in the immediate vicinity of any of the populations  or  within  the defined  critical  habitat  of the subspecies  require  assessment.  Developments  should  not be approved unless the proponents can demonstrate that they will not have a significant impact on the subspecies, its habitat or potential habitat, or have the potential to spread or amplify dieback caused by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi .

2.	RECOVERY OBJECTIVE AND CRITERIA

Objectives

The objective of this Interim Recovery Plan is to abate identified threats and maintain or enhance  in situ populatio ns to ensure the long-term preservation of the subspecies in the wild.

Criteria  for  success:  The  number  of  individuals  within  populations  and/or  the  number  of  populations  have   
increased. 
Criteria for failure:  The  number  of  individuals  within  populations  and/or  the  number  of  populations  have   
decreased. 
3.	RECOVERY ACTIONS

Existing recovery actions

Private property owners and the Shire have been formally notified of the location and threatened nature of the subspecies. This notification details the Declared Threatened status of the taxon and associated legal responsibilities.

Declared Rare Flora (DRF) markers have been installed at Population 1 and Subpopulations  2a, 2b and 3a. These  alert  workers  to  the  presence  of  the  threatened  flora  and  help  prevent  accidental  damage  during maintenance operations. An awareness of these markers is being promoted to Shires with dashboard stickers and posters produced and distributed. These illustrate DRF markers, inform of their purpose and provide a contact telephone number to use if such a marker is encountered.

Approximately 1356 seeds were  collected from Population 1 between 1985 and 1996. During the same period a further
2237 seeds were collected from Population 2. These seeds are stored in the Department's  Threatened Flora Seed Centre
(TFSC) at -18� C. Forty-five out of 51 (88%) of germinants received by the Botanic Garden and Parks Authority (BGPA)
from the TFSC have survived with another planting having 100% survival (personal communication A. Shade5).

In 1998, 216 seedlings of Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms were planted into a Conservation Reserve in Narrikup, in accordance with an approved Translocation  Proposal (Coates  et al., 1998). The seedlings originated from seed that was collected by the TFSC and grown by the BGPA. The translocation is being conducted on an experimental basis, and will provide information about effective techniques for future translocations. In 1998, three treatments were tested, light mulch, thick mulch and gro -cones. Monitoring included the number of surviving germinants, height, crown width, reproductiv e state, number of inflorescences and follicles, presence of second generation plants and general health and was undertaken every two months. Further planting’s were subsequently undertaken and included 358 plants (82 from cuttings propagated at the BGPA and 248 from seed) in 1999 and 69 plants in 2000. Many of these plants were caged to protect them from grazing. Preliminary monitoring data of seedlings planted in 1998 suggests that there was little difference in the survival between the treatments, only on the rate of growth. Those in gro -cones grew taller and wider than those with thick mulch (Monks & Coates, 2000).

An Honours project on Lambertia orbifolia was undertaken by L. Sage from Curtin University. The research objectives were to:

1. 	Assess plant size and population age structure.
2. 	Assess flowering and factors affecting seed production, viability and longevity.
3. 	Assess population recruitment patterns with particular reference to the impact of fire and plant disease.
4. 	Assess population health in relatio n to fungal pathogens and insect attack.

Staff of Science Division undertook research on the genetic structure and mating systems of Lambertia orbifolia
between 1996 and 1997.

To control Phytophthora cinnamomi , Populations 1 and 2 were sprayed with phosphite in autumn/winter 1994 and 1995. At this time, new plants were discovered in several areas and these were sprayed in August 1995. Due to the continuing threat of dieback  the Department's  Albany  District  staff will continue  spraying  these  areas  as part  of its phosphite spraying program. Staff from the Departments  Albany District 0ffice  regularly monitors populations  in relation to the impact of Phytophthora  cinnamomi and the effectiveness of phosphite application.

An article and drawing of the Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms was placed in the Albany Advertiser and
Narrikup News in April 2000.

Staff from the Department's Albany District attended the Department of Agriculture’s, Wilson Inlet Catchment field day and gave an oral presentation on Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms and provided the Community Landcare Coordinator with posters.

Subpopulations 2a and 2b have been fenced.

The Albany District Threatened Flora Recovery Team (ADTFRT) is overseeing the implementation of this IRP
and will include it in its annual report to the Department's Corporate Executive and funding bodies.

Future recovery actions

Where populations occur on lands other than those managed by the Department, permission has been or will be sought from the appropriate land managers prior to recovery actions being undertaken.

1. 	Coordinate recovery actions

The ADTFRT will continue to oversee the implementation of recovery actions for Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms and will include information on progress in its annual report to the Department's Corporate Executive and funding bodies.

Action: 	Coordinate recovery actions
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT

5 Amanda Shade, Horticulturalist, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority

Cost: 	$400 per year.

2. 	Apply phosphite

Both Lambertia orbifolia subsp.  orbifolia  ms and the community  in which it grows are suspected  to be susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi . The department will continue applying phosphite to those areas that are infected. Application to the whole associated community will have the added benefit of protecting a number of other threatened plant species in the area and will help the community as a whole.

Action: 	Apply phosphite
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District, Dieback Disease Coordinator) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$13,900 in first third and fifth years.

3. 	Install fencing

Fences will be erected around Subpopulations 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e and will include a buffer of surrounding habitat to protect Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms from possible future grazing.

Action: 	Install fencing
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$5,900 in the first year.

4. 	Propagate plants for translocation

The propagation of plants for translocation is essential as all extant populations are under threat in the wild.

Action: 	Propagate plants for translocation
Responsibility : 	The Department (Albany District, TFSC), and the BGPA through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$1,400 in first and second years.

5. 	Undertake further translocations

As the number of extant plants is low and populations are not secure from threats, including disease and inappropriate fire, further translocations are essential for the plants long-term conservation. Although translocations are generally undertaken under   full  Recovery   Plans,   a  translocation   proposal   has  been  written   and  approved   (Coates   et  al.,  1998),   and implementation has begun. The Department will continue implementing this proposal under the direction of the ADTFRT. Information  on the  translocation  of threatened  animals  and  plants  in the  wild  is provided  in the  Department's  Policy Statement No. 29 Translocation  of Threatened Flora and Fauna. All translocation proposals require endorsement by the Director of Nature Conservation.

Action: 	Undertake further translocations
Responsibility: 	The Department (Science Division Division, Albany District) thro ugh the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$8,700 per year for the first three years.

6. 	Implement weed control

Weeds are a minor threat to roadside populations. The following actions will be implemented:

1.   Selection of appropriate herbicides after determining what weeds are present.
2.   Controlling invasive weeds when they first emerge by hand removal or spot spraying.
3.   Scheduling weed control to include spraying at other threatened flora populations within the district.

The tolerance to herbicides of other native plant species in the area of Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms is not known and weed control programs will be undertaken in conjunction with research.

Action: 	Implement weed control
Responsibility : 	The Department (Albany District, Science Division) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$700 per year.

7. 	Develop and implement a fire management strategy

It is thought that fire kills adult plants of the subspecies and regeneration is largely from seed. Frequent fire may prevent the accumulation  of sufficient  soil stored seed  for  recruitment  to occur. Fire should therefore be prevented from occurring in this area at least in the short term. A fire management strategy will be developed to determine fire control measures and fire frequency.

Action: 	Develop and implement a fire management strategy Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT Cost: 	$2,300 in first year and $ 1,000 in subsequent years.

8. 	Monitor populations

Annual monitoring of factors such as habitat degradation (including the impact of dieback and the effectiveness of Phosphite application), population stability (expansion or decline), weed invasion, pollination activity, seed production, recruitment, longevity and predation is essential.

Action: 	Monitor populations
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$1,800 per year.

9. 	Conduct further surveys

Further surveys supervised by departmental  staff and with assistance from local naturalists and wildflower society members will be conducted during the plants flowering period (November to May).

Action: 	Conduct further surveys
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$3,200 per year.

10. 	Collect seed

Preservation of germplasm is essential to guard against possible future extinction of wild populations. Seed collections are also needed to propagate plants for translocations. Seed has been collected from Populations 1 and 2 but additional seed is required from all populations.

Action: 	Collect seed
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District, TFSC) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$2,700 per year for the first three years .

11. 	Liaise with land managers

Staff from the Department's  Albany District will continue liaison with  land managers and adjacent landowners to ensure that popula tions are not damaged or destroyed  accidentally.   Due to the potential  susceptibility  of the plants habitat to dieback, the need for hygiene procedures will be included in information provided to land managers. This will stress the need to restrict soil movement and vehicular activity in the habitat of the subspecies.

Action: 	Liaise with land managers
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$1,200 per year.

12. 	Achieve long -term protection of habitat

Ways  of  achieving  long-term  protection  of  land  on  which  Subpopulations  2c,  2d  and  2e  occur  will  be investigated. Possible methods of achieving this include covenanting and land purchase.

Action: 	Achieve long-term protection of habitat
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany D istrict) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	To be determined

13. 	Obtain biological and ecological information

An increased knowledge of the biology and ecology of  Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms will provide a scientific basis for its management in the w ild. Investigations will include:

1. 	Study of the soil seed bank dynamics and the role of various fire, competition,  rainfall and grazing in recruitment and seedling survival.
2. 	Investigating the impact of dieback and subsequent control techniques on the subspecies and its habitat.

Action: 	0btain  biological and ecological information
Responsibility: 	The Department (Science Division, Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$5,000 per year.

14. 	Promote awareness

The importance of biodiversity conservation and the need for the long-term protection of wild populations of the Critically Endangered species Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms will be promoted to the community by a publicity campaign through the local print and electronic media and poster displays. Formal links with local naturalist groups and interested individuals will also be encouraged. An information sheet, which includes a description of the plant, its habitat type, threats, management actions and photos will be produced.

Due to the susceptibility of the habitat and this species to dieback, the need for dieback hygiene procedures will be included in information provided to visitors to sites where the species occurs.

Action: 	Promote awareness
Responsibility: 	The Department (Albany District, Corporate Relations) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$1,100 in first year and $700 in subsequent years .

15. 	Write a full Recovery Plan

At the end of the  fourth year of the five-year term of this Interim Recovery Plan, the need for further recovery will be assessed. If ranked as Critically Endangered at that time a full Recovery Plan will be developed that prescribes actions required for its long-term recovery.

Action: 	Write a full Recovery Plan
Responsibility: 	The Department (WATSCU, Albany District) through the ADTFRT
Cost: 	$18,100 in the fifth year.

4.	TERM OF PLAN

This Interim Recovery Plan will operate from  February 2002 to  January 2007 but will remain in force until withdrawn or replaced. It is intended that, if the taxon is still ranked Critically Endangered, this IRP will be replaced by a full Recovery Pla n after five years.

5.	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The following people have provided assistance and advice in the preparation of this Interim Recovery Plan:

Sarah Barrett 	Flora 0fficer,  the Department's Albany District
Colin Crane 	Senior Technical 0fficer,  Science Division
Anne Cochrane 	Manager, the Department's Threatened Flora Seed Centre Greg Keighery 	Principal Research Scientist, Science Division Amanda Shade 	Horticulturalist, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority
Leigh Sage 	Former Honours student, Curtin University of Technology

We would like to thank the staff of the W.A. Herbarium for providing access to Herbarium databases and specimen information, and the Department's Wildlife Branch for their extensive assistance.

6.	REFERENCES

Brown,  A.,  Thomson-Dans,  C.  and  Marchant,  N.  (Eds).  (1998)  Western  Australia’s  Threatened  Flora.
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Department  of Conservation  and Land Management  (1992)  Policy  Statement  No. 44 Wildlife Management
Programs. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Department of Conservation and Land Management (1994) Policy Statement No. 50 Setting Priorities for the
Conservation of Western Australia’s Threatened Flora and Fauna. Department of Conservation and Land
Management, Western Australia.
Department  of  Conservation  and  Land  Management  (1995)  Policy  Statement  No.  29  Translocation  of
Threatened Flora and Fauna. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia. Byrne, M., MacDonald, B. and Coates, D. (1999) Divergence in the Chloroplast Genome and Nuclear rDNA of
the Rare Western Australian Plant Lambertia orbifolia Gardner (Proteaceae). Molecular Ecology 8, 1789­
1796.
Coates,  D.J. and Hamley,  V.L. (1999)  Genetic  Divergence  and the Mating  System  in the Endangered  and
Geographically Restricted Species, Lambertia orbifolia Gardner (Proteaceae). Heredity 83, 418-427.
Coates D., Monks L., Hickman,  E. (1998)  Translocation Proposal  – Round Leaf Honeysuckle,  Lambertia orbifolia C.A. Gardner (PROTEACEAE).  Unpublished Internal Document. Department of Conservation and Land Management.
Gardner,  C.A. (1964) Contributiones  Florae Australiae  0ccidentalis XIII.  Journal of the Royal Society of
Western Australia , 47, 54–64.
Hnatiuk, R.J. (1995) Flora of Australia , Elaeagnaceae , Proteaceae 1, Volume 16:425-436. Australian Nature
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Northern Sandplains Dieback Working Party, Muchea.
Lynch,  J.F. (1987)  Responses  of breeding  bird communities  to forest  fragmentation.  Pp. 123-40 in  Nature Conservation:  The Role of Remnants  of Native  Vegetatio n ed by D.A. Saunders,  G.W. Arnold,  A.A. Burbidge and A.J.M. Hopkins. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton.
Monks, L. and Coates, D. (2000) Critically Endangered WA Plants- Translocation and Re-establishment Trials.
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
0bbens,  F.J. and Coates, D.J. (1997) Conservation Biology and Management of Endangered Lambertia Species.
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Sage, L. and Lamont, B.B. (1994) Conservation biology of the rare and endangered species Lambertia orbifolia.
Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia.
Saunders, D. A., Arnold, G.W., Burbidge, A.A. and Hopkins, A.J.M. (1987) The role of remnants of native vegetation  in nature  conservation:  future  directions.  Pp  387-92 in  Nature  Conservation : The Role of Remnants of Native Vegetation . D. A. Saunders, G.W. Arnold, A.A. Burbidge and A.J.M. Hopkins (eds) Surrey Beatty & Sons, N. S. W.
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7.	TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION

Hnatiuk, R.J. (1995) Flora of Australia,  Elaeagnaceae , Proteaceae 1, Volume 16:425-436. Australian Nature
Conservation Agency.

Lambertia orbifolia  subsp.  orbifolia  ms is a shrub to 3 m tall, apparently lacking lignotubers. Branches are erect, spreading or arching; young branches brown, villous to pilose. Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls of 3, sessile or shortly petiolate; lamina orbicular, 15 to 20 mm diameter, obtuse slightly cordate and cupped, entire, glabrous. Conflorescence 4 to 6 flowered. Flowers zygomorphic. Perianth 40 to 50 mm long, red, dilated about middle, brown-hirsute; abaxial suture deepest. Hypogynous glands 4, free. 0vary  densely brown- pilose; style glabrous above, sparsely pilose in lower half. Fruit asymmetric, 7 to 10 mm diameter, flattened; beak oblique;

horns scarcely developed; sides smooth. Seeds 2, asymmetric, cuneate, c. 10 mm long, c. 6 mm wide, with a narrow wing from apex to base along one side.

ADDENDUM

Round-leafed Honeysuckle (Lambertia orbifolia subsp. orbifolia ms) Interim Recovery Plan 2002­
2007

In adopting this plan under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Minister for the Environment and Heritage has approved the following modifications.

Critical Habitat

The plan identifies a broad area as critical habitat, including buffer zones of a set distance around known populations.  The Threatened Species Scientific Committee does not necessarily believe that such an area qualifies as habitat critical to the survival of the species, as defined in the EPBC Act.

Recovery Criteria

For the purposes of reviewing this recovery plan under the EPBC Act, the Recovery Criteria are  
amended to read as follows: 

Criteria for success:  The number of individuals within populations and/or the number of  
populations have increased over the period of the plan’s adoption under the EPBC Act. 
Criteria for failure:  The number of individuals within populations and/or the number of populations  
have decreased over the period of the plan’s adoption under the EPBC Act.