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OverviewChemical and physical phytosanitary treatments that kill or inactivate pests in the consignment.Examples include chemical treatments and fumigants, heat or vapour heat treatment, cold storage and irradiation. These are mostly applied post-production.Demonstrating treatment efficacy requires…
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OverviewInspect entire consignment, and remove commodity units that show evidence of being infested.Examples include grading and removal of fruit, vegetables, wood, bulbs or plants for planting that show evidence of being infested.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires evidence that the…
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OverviewInfestation risk is reduced through imposing quality specifications on the traded commodity.Examples include not permitting export of cracked, damaged or bruised fruit that have a higher risk of infestation, only permitting movement of healthy plants, and ensuring that sea containers are…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to specific stages of development or harvest maturity where the risk of infestation is low.Examples include restricting trade to fruit developmental stages that are less vulnerable to infestation (e.g.. immature stages), and limiting imports of plant material for…
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OverviewRequiring physical or chemical modifications to the commodity that make it less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include kiln drying, varnishing or painting of wood and wood products, and designing sea containers to make them less likely to carry pests.Evaluating the efficacy of this…
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OverviewPhysical processing or disturbance of the commodity that also kills or removes pests.Examples include juicing, crushing, or peeling for horticultural produce; milling, grinding or turning for stored grain; or debarking, trimming, or wood chipping for wood and wood products.Demonstrating…
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OverviewRemoving contaminants of biosecurity concern from the commodity or carrier.Examples include removing extraneous plant material and soil from a commodity, or requiring that a sea container be free of any contamination.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires demonstrating that the…
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OverviewProhibiting parts of the commodity that may carry pests.Examples include debarking for wood and wood products, removing leaves, twigs, and other plant parts from horticultural products, and requiring plants for planting to be bare-rooted (with associated soil removed) or traded as dormant…
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OverviewPhysical or chemical cleaning to remove pests or sterilise the surface of the commodity.Examples include washing, brushing, waxing, contact steam or a high-pressure air or water spray for horticultural commodities, surface cleaning of shipping containers (see ISPM 41), and surface…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to commodities that are not hosts or carriers, or those hosts or carriers that are less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include limiting trade to non-host or less vulnerable fruit and vegetable species or cultivars, and to wood from tree species that are less likely…
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