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OverviewProhibiting parts of the commodity that may carry pests.Examples include debarking for wood and wood products, removing leaves, twigs, and other plant parts from horticultural products, and requiring plants for planting to be bare-rooted (with associated soil removed) or traded as dormant…
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OverviewInfestation risk is reduced through imposing quality specifications on the traded commodity.Examples include not permitting export of cracked, damaged or bruised fruit that have a higher risk of infestation, only permitting movement of healthy plants, and ensuring that sea containers are…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to specific stages of development or harvest maturity where the risk of infestation is low.Examples include restricting trade to fruit developmental stages that are less vulnerable to infestation (e.g.. immature stages), and limiting imports of plant material for…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to commodities that are not hosts or carriers, or those hosts or carriers that are less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include limiting trade to non-host or less vulnerable fruit and vegetable species or cultivars, and to wood from tree species that are less likely…
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OverviewPhysical barriers are used to exclude pests at the scale of individual commodity units.Examples include individual fruit bagging during production, and requirements to prevent the entry of hitchhikers into sea containers, unit loading devices for airfreight or heavy equipment.Evaluating the…
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OverviewPhysical barriers are used to exclude pests at the scale of the packed commodity or consignment.Examples include the covering or packaging of the commodity (e.g. with netting or in boxes or pallets) using pest-exclusionary material, and the secure transport of consignments (e.g. in sea…
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OverviewExposure to the pest is reduced by manipulating the habitat and making it less suitable for pests.Examples include controlling irrigation and eliminating shade over the commodity during the day to make the habitat less suitable to pests, or restricting artificial lighting that attract pests…
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OverviewRisk is reduced by limiting the time that the commodity is exposed to the pest.Examples of this measure include requiring a commodity to be packed within a certain number of hours after harvest or requiring a sea container to be treated for hitchhiker pests within a limited number of days…
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OverviewProduction and post-production of the commodity limited to seasonal periods when the target pest is rare or inactive.An example is “winter window” production, where the commodity is grown and exported only during winter when the target pest is inactive.Evaluating the efficacy of this…
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OverviewSanitation involves cleaning, washing, or disinfecting equipment and facilities to minimise the risk that pests could transfer onto the commodity.Sanitation is a common industry practice across the supply chain, especially for pathogens.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires…
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