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OverviewTrade is restricted to commodities that are not hosts or carriers, or those hosts or carriers that are less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include limiting trade to non-host or less vulnerable fruit and vegetable species or cultivars, and to wood from tree species that are less likely…
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OverviewPhysical barriers are used to exclude pests at the scale of the packed commodity or consignment.Examples include the covering or packaging of the commodity (e.g. with netting or in boxes or pallets) using pest-exclusionary material, and the secure transport of consignments (e.g. in sea…
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OverviewBuffer zones around designated areas or sites reduce the likelihood of pest entry.Examples include a buffer zone surrounding a Pest Free Site, Pest Free Area or protected facility.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires knowledge of the dispersal ability of the pest, typically with…
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OverviewPhysical barriers are used to exclude pests at the scale of individual commodity units.Examples include individual fruit bagging during production, and requirements to prevent the entry of hitchhikers into sea containers, unit loading devices for airfreight or heavy equipment.Evaluating the…
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OverviewExposure to the pest is reduced by ensuring that the commodity is geographically isolated from the pest.Examples include requirements that a Pest Free Production Site be located a minimum distance from any other site producing the same commodity, and that processing or storage facilities (e…
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OverviewSites registered for trade must be located in areas where pest populations are naturally low because of unfavourable habitat conditions.Examples include only approving and registering sites for trade if they are located above a certain elevation or latitude where it is too cold for the pest…
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OverviewBiological control kills or sterilises the target pest, thereby reducing its abundance within the designated site or area.Examples of biological control agents include parasitoids, predators, or pathogenic fungi or viruses. This measure also includes the release of sterile insects (Sterile…
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OverviewRisk is reduced by limiting the time that the commodity is exposed to the pest.Examples of this measure include requiring a commodity to be packed within a certain number of hours after harvest or requiring a sea container to be treated for hitchhiker pests within a limited number of days…
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OverviewHygiene measures reduce pest populations by controlling or removing sources of infestation risk.Examples of hygiene practices include removing and destroying fallen fruit, managing alternative hosts within a registered site, and removing infected leaves or branches.Evaluating the efficacy…
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OverviewA diverse range of other pest management tools are available to manage pest populations.Examples are diverse and include crop rotation, solarisation to manage soil pathogens, and vector management.Evaluating the efficacy of these measures requires demonstrating a consistent and repeatable…
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