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OverviewPhysical or chemical cleaning to remove pests or sterilise the surface of the commodity.Examples include washing, brushing, waxing, contact steam or a high-pressure air or water spray for horticultural commodities, surface cleaning of shipping containers (see ISPM 41), and surface…
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OverviewPhysical processing or disturbance of the commodity that also kills or removes pests.Examples include juicing, crushing, or peeling for horticultural produce; milling, grinding or turning for stored grain; or debarking, trimming, or wood chipping for wood and wood products.Demonstrating…
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OverviewChemical and physical phytosanitary treatments that kill or inactivate pests in the consignment.Examples include chemical treatments and fumigants, heat or vapour heat treatment, cold storage and irradiation. These are mostly applied post-production.Demonstrating treatment efficacy requires…
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OverviewRequiring physical or chemical modifications to the commodity that make it less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include kiln drying, varnishing or painting of wood and wood products, and designing sea containers to make them less likely to carry pests.Evaluating the efficacy of this…
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OverviewProhibiting parts of the commodity that may carry pests.Examples include debarking for wood and wood products, removing leaves, twigs, and other plant parts from horticultural products, and requiring plants for planting to be bare-rooted (with associated soil removed) or traded as dormant…
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OverviewInfestation risk is reduced through imposing quality specifications on the traded commodity.Examples include not permitting export of cracked, damaged or bruised fruit that have a higher risk of infestation, only permitting movement of healthy plants, and ensuring that sea containers are…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to specific stages of development or harvest maturity where the risk of infestation is low.Examples include restricting trade to fruit developmental stages that are less vulnerable to infestation (e.g.. immature stages), and limiting imports of plant material for…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to commodities that are not hosts or carriers, or those hosts or carriers that are less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include limiting trade to non-host or less vulnerable fruit and vegetable species or cultivars, and to wood from tree species that are less likely…
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OverviewEnsuring inputs used in production, processing, and packaging are free from pests.Examples include clean packaging, pest-free parent plant stock (e.g. potato tubers, nursery propagation material), or sterilised growing media for use in tissue culture. Evaluating the efficacy of this measure…
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OverviewBuffer zones around designated areas or sites reduce the likelihood of pest entry.Examples include a buffer zone surrounding a Pest Free Site, Pest Free Area or protected facility.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires knowledge of the dispersal ability of the pest, typically with…
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