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Non-tariff measures: a revised methodology for the quantification of bilateral trade effects of policy measures at a product levelQuantification of the trade effects of non-tariff measures provides an important input for decision making. This technical paper outlines improvements to an earlier…
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Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous CommunitiesCherbourg is an Aboriginal community located 265 km north-west of Brisbane on the land of the Wakka Wakka peoples. Companion animals are an important part of this community. However, concerns about the growing population of owned but free-…
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Cattle exported to Indonesia in November 2024July 2025DownloadReport 246: Independent Observer summary report on MV Gloucester Express in November 2024 (PDF 340 KB)If you have difficulty accessing these files, visit web accessibility for assistance.Voyage summaryLivestock: 3,624 cattleVessel: MV…
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The following section explains carbon markets and how they work.Carbon marketsA carbon market is a market in which carbon units, representing emissions reduced or avoided or carbon stored, are exchanged within a defined framework.Although ‘carbon market’ is a commonly used term, there is no…
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Greenhouse gas accounts
Keeping a GHG account means quantifying GHG emissions and carbon stored. A farmer or land manager keeping an account solely for their own purposes can choose any suitable approach. However, if they keep an account to participate in a…
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While carbon farming has many co-benefits, it's also essential to consider the trade-offs and risks. Here’s an overview of some potential trade-offs and risks, using examples of carbon farming activities.
Suitability of location: features of the location (such…
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Finally, let’s look at key concepts that flow from this initial topic to all topics:carbon neutralnet zero emissionsACCUsClimate Active certificationcarbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e).‘Carbon neutral’ and ‘net zero emissions’The terms ‘carbon neutral’ and ‘net zero emissions’ are commonly used to…
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OverviewThe likelihood of entry is reduced by physically preventing the introduction and release of pests in the importing jurisdiction.Examples include requirements for the consignment to remain sealed in the importing jurisdiction until inspected and cleared, or for secure packaging to be used…
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OverviewSmaller consignment and packaging sizes make it less likely that enough pests will enter the environment together to establish a new population.Examples include bulk consignments of grain presenting a different risk profile to the same volume of grain being packed and distributed in small…
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OverviewInspect entire consignment, and remove commodity units that show evidence of being infested.Examples include grading and removal of fruit, vegetables, wood, bulbs or plants for planting that show evidence of being infested.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires evidence that the…
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