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OverviewChemical and physical phytosanitary treatments that kill or inactivate pests in the consignment.Examples include chemical treatments and fumigants, heat or vapour heat treatment, cold storage and irradiation. These are mostly applied post-production.Demonstrating treatment efficacy requires…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to specific stages of development or harvest maturity where the risk of infestation is low.Examples include restricting trade to fruit developmental stages that are less vulnerable to infestation (e.g.. immature stages), and limiting imports of plant material for…
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OverviewRequiring physical or chemical modifications to the commodity that make it less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include kiln drying, varnishing or painting of wood and wood products, and designing sea containers to make them less likely to carry pests.Evaluating the efficacy of this…
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OverviewPhysical processing or disturbance of the commodity that also kills or removes pests.Examples include juicing, crushing, or peeling for horticultural produce; milling, grinding or turning for stored grain; or debarking, trimming, or wood chipping for wood and wood products.Demonstrating…
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OverviewRemoving contaminants of biosecurity concern from the commodity or carrier.Examples include removing extraneous plant material and soil from a commodity, or requiring that a sea container be free of any contamination.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires demonstrating that the…
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OverviewPhysical or chemical cleaning to remove pests or sterilise the surface of the commodity.Examples include washing, brushing, waxing, contact steam or a high-pressure air or water spray for horticultural commodities, surface cleaning of shipping containers (see ISPM 41), and surface…
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OverviewTrade is restricted to commodities that are not hosts or carriers, or those hosts or carriers that are less vulnerable to infestation.Examples include limiting trade to non-host or less vulnerable fruit and vegetable species or cultivars, and to wood from tree species that are less likely…
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OverviewPhysical barriers are used to exclude pests at the scale of the packed commodity or consignment.Examples include the covering or packaging of the commodity (e.g. with netting or in boxes or pallets) using pest-exclusionary material, and the secure transport of consignments (e.g. in sea…
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OverviewBuffer zones around designated areas or sites reduce the likelihood of pest entry.Examples include a buffer zone surrounding a Pest Free Site, Pest Free Area or protected facility.Evaluating the efficacy of this measure requires knowledge of the dispersal ability of the pest, typically with…
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OverviewBiological control kills or sterilises the target pest, thereby reducing its abundance within the designated site or area.Examples of biological control agents include parasitoids, predators, or pathogenic fungi or viruses. This measure also includes the release of sterile insects (Sterile…
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