Emergency measures are currently in place to manage the risk of khapra beetle. Further information on these measures is available on the khapra beetle emergency measures webpage.
We are conducting a pest risk analysis (PRA) for khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium). We are delivering this PRA in 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on the plant product pathway, while Part 2 will focus on the sea container pathway (to be released separately).
We have published the final report for Part 1.
We expect to release the draft report for Part 2 for consultation in early 2027.
Pest risk analysis
When we do a pest risk analysis, we:
- review the science on the pest
- assess pathways for the potential entry of the pest into Australia
- review and evaluate the current measures (or emergency measures) for the pest, where applicable
- propose the maintenance of the current measures (or emergency measures) and/or propose new measures where appropriate
- publish the draft report
- consult the public on the draft report and then review comments
- publish the final report
- update import conditions on BICON.
About the pest risk analysis
Khapra beetle is not present in Australia. It poses a major threat to Australia’s grains, rice, pulse and nut industries as a serious storage pest and has potential impacts on international trade. It’s our second highest ranked National Priority Plant Pest (2024 and the highest ranked pest for our grains industry. Khapra beetle destroys grain quality making it unfit for human or animal consumption.
After observing an increase in khapra beetle interceptions during 2020, we implemented emergency measures (also known as ‘urgent actions’). These measures currently remain in place.
We initiated this PRA to:
- assess the biosecurity risks of khapra beetle
- evaluate whether the current emergency measures effectively manage these risks to achieve Australia’s Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP)
- recommend appropriate ongoing risk management measures.
The current emergency measures will remain in place until the PRA is finalised and any recommended ongoing measures are implemented.
In August 2025, we announced that we will deliver this PRA in 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on the plant product pathway, and Part 2 will focus on the sea container pathway (to be released separately).
We are taking this approach because:
- the biosecurity risks and emergency measures differ between the 2 pathways
- the risks assessments, evaluation of the efficacy of existing emergency measures and proposed ongoing risk management measures need to be conducted separately for the 2 pathways
- Australia and the International Plant Protection Convention have several initiatives underway targeting sea container biosecurity risks, which will influence the analysis for that pathway.
We expect this 2-part approach will be more logical, efficient, and easier for stakeholders to review and provide feedback on.
Final report – Part 1
We published the final report on 27 August 2026.
The final report recommends ongoing risk management measures for imported plant products based on:
- the khapra beetle status of the exporting country
- risk category of the commodity
- mode of arrival
- intended use of the goods.
Risk management measures
Two key changes proposed in the draft report have now been implemented through updates to the emergency measures on 30 April 2026. These changes include:
- updating the list of target-risk khapra beetle countries to include 7 additional countries: Angola, Chad, Guinea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Tanzania
- The draft report also recommended adding Turkmenistan to this list. However, Turkmenistan’s National Plant Protection Organisation provided satisfactory information to support its status as free from khapra beetle, so it was not added to the list.
- updating Australia’s list of Trogoderma species of biosecurity concern to remove Trogoderma serraticorne.
The final report confirms that all 7 emergency measures are appropriate and should remain in place. It also recommends a new measure for plant products imported for research purposes, requiring biosecurity containment, phytosanitary certification or an import permit.
In addition, it recommends a number of enhancements to the emergency measures to better manage the biosecurity risks. These include:
- revised phytosanitary certification requirements for treated consignments, including confirmation that representative samples are free from all live insects, including Trogoderma species.
- a requirement for offshore treatment providers to be registered and approved under Australian pre-border treatment provider schemes (AFAS or AusTreat) to strengthen assurance and compliance arrangements.
Your feedback on the draft report
We received submissions on the draft report from 13 stakeholders. Where permission has been given, these submissions have been published below. We have made changes to the risk analysis following consideration of stakeholder comments and a subsequent review of literature. These changes include:
- adding a table to summarise recommended risk management measures as ongoing risk management measures for khapra beetle
- adding mode of arrival for high-risk plant products and other-risk plant products imported for research purposes
- adding a brief overview of Australia’s pest identification practices and surveillance activities relevant to khapra beetle
- clarifying actions required when live, dead or exuviae of Trogoderma species of biosecurity concern are detected during inspection of untreated consignments
- removing South Korea from the countries of distribution for Trogoderma simplex and including a note under this table that the region(s) specified for a species does not imply that the species is reported in all countries in the region(s)
- updating the status of khapra beetle in Turkmenistan from present to absent, along with the corresponding supporting information
- adding ‘Appendix E: Stakeholder comments’, which summarises the key technical issues raised by stakeholders, and how these issues have been considered in this final report
- minor corrections, rewording, updates to include recent information, editorial changes and formatting updates for consistency, accuracy, clarity and web-accessibility.
Download submissions on the draft report
Available until August 2027.
- Australian Seed Federation - (PDF 190 KB)
- GrainGrowers Limited - (PDF 314 KB)
- Grain Producers Australia - (PDF 441 KB)
- Pastoralists & Graziers Association of Western Australia (Inc) - (PDF 157 KB)
- QLD Department of Primary Industries - (PDF 420 KB)
- WA Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) - (PDF 289 KB)
- Anonymous - (PDF 202 KB)
Published submissions may not meet Australian Government accessibility requirements as they have not been prepared by us. If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.
Download final report
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, August 2026.
Final pest risk analysis for khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) — Part 1 (plant product pathways)
If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.
Draft report – Part 1
We released the draft report on 27 November 2025 for a 92-calendar day public consultation period, closing on 27 February 2026.
Available until August 2027.
Download draft report
Draft pest risk analysis for khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) — Part 1
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, November 2025
If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.
Announcement
We announced the commencement of this pest risk analysis on 7 July 2022.
Next steps
PRA Part 1
The release of the final report is the completion of Part 1 of this pest risk analysis.
When implemented, the risk management measures recommended in this final report will serve as ongoing risk management measures for khapra beetle on imported plant product pathways.
These measures will replace the emergency measures for this pest on these pathways. The emergency measures will remain in place until the updated import conditions are finalised and published on our biosecurity import conditions system (BICON).
We will provide advance notification and work with stakeholders before updating import conditions.
PRA Part 2
We are also developing a draft report for the sea container pathway (Part 2). We expect to release this draft report for public consultation in the early 2027. Please note that this is an indicative timeline and may be subject to change.
Keep informed
Register as a stakeholder
Subscribe to Biosecurity Risk Analysis Plant via our online subscription service to receive Biosecurity Advices and other notifications relating to plant biosecurity policy.
Contact us
For more information, email imports or phone 1800 900 090 (when prompted, select option 1, option 1).