Factors that reduce the likelihood of pest entry and establishment. These can be considered when conducting a pest risk assessment, or in some cases be applied as measures.
Limit propagule pressure
Summary
Factors that limit the potential number or frequency of introductions of the pest and its distribution and transfer to a susceptible host within an area.
Trade volume will influence the number or frequency of potential entry events, whereas smaller packaging size can reduce the potential number of individual pests introduced together at any one location. Preventing escape can physically prevent the introduction and release of pests.
Anticipated trade volumes can be considered when conducting a pest risk assessment, whereas limiting packaging size and preventing escape can both inform a risk assessment and be applied as phytosanitary measures.
Measures
Limit import destinations or use
Summary
Factors that affect the ability of the pest to establish and survive within an area.
Imports may be approved to specific areas (poor destination habitat), during certain seasons (poor time of year), or for specific uses (restricted end-use) that are unfavourable for the establishment of the target pest.
The effect of time of year, habitat suitability and specified end-uses on establishment risk are key factors that are considered when conducting a pest risk assessment. As phytosanitary measures, they are mostly applied to pathways where establishment likelihood varies greatly with season or geographically, and where post-border movements can be sufficiently well managed (e.g. for processing).