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Department of Agriculture

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  2. Biosecurity and trade
  3. Biosecurity
  4. Import risk analyses
  5. Plant risk analyses
  6. Bananas from the Philippines

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Bananas from the Philippines

We are conducting an assessment of alternative measures for the importation of fresh Cavendish bananas from the Philippines for human consumption.

This is in response to a formal request from the Philippines. The Philippines requested we consider alternative measures to manage the main pathogens of concern identified in the 2008 import risk analysis for bananas from the Philippines.

On 16 June 2026, we released a notice of intention (NOI) to conduct this assessment as a Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis (BIRA). A BIRA is conducted under the Biosecurity Act 2015 and the Biosecurity Regulation 2016. Publication of the NOI signals the start of the 30-month timeframe to finalise the BIRA, noting the clock may be paused in specific circumstances.

We also released an issues paper for a 30-calendar day feedback period which closed on 16 July 2026. We are considering all comments received. Your feedback is helping to inform our draft report.

We expect to release the draft report in early 2027. Please note this is an indicative timeline and may be subject to change.

 

Steps to complete the assessment

Risk analysis flow chart - release of risk analysis

BIRA: Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis
SAG: Scientific Advisory Group
IGB: Inspector-General of Biosecurity

The main steps in our assessment process are:

  • 23 to 27 March 2026 – technical visit to the Philippines to gather information on Philippine commercial production, pest management and export practices
  • 16 June 2026 – publish a notice of intention to conduct a BIRA, release the issues paper for a 30-calendar day feedback period and publish a report on the technical visit
  • early 2027 – publish a draft report for public consultation
  • timing TBD – consider all comments received and prepare a provisional report
  • timing TBD – publish the provisional report. After the provisional report is published, stakeholders have the option to request the Inspector-General of Biosecurity (IGB) to review the process for conducting the BIRA
  • timing TBD – publish a final report.

Publication of the final report signals the conclusion of the BIRA process.

We may ask the SAG at any stage in the process to review and provide comments on any aspect of the BIRA.

We recognise that specific expert advice may be required for this assessment. To support this, we are establishing an Expert Advisory Group (EAG) comprising of experts in banana pests and diseases, production practices and pest management systems to provide independent, expert advice on this assessment.

If the assessment finds that there are measures that can reduce the biosecurity risk to achieve Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP), we must complete several further steps before trade could start. This includes:

  • verifying that the Philippines can meet any recommended risk management measures
  • developing import conditions
  • publishing import conditions in our Biosecurity Import Conditions system (BICON).

This assessment is complex, and the full process could take several years to complete.

If imports commence, the feasibility of trade ultimately depends on Australian consumers.

Consumers can make informed decisions about what they buy based on quality, price and country of origin specified in labelling laws.

Please note:

  • timings are indicative and subject to change
  • the above timeline is based on the BIRA process as outlined in the Biosecurity Regulation 2016.

About the assessment

We must consider the Philippines’ request for alternative measures. This is due to our international obligations as members of the World Trade Organisation. Where possible, we must develop import conditions that:

  • achieve Australia’s ALOP
  • are scientifically justified
  • do not unreasonably restrict trade.

Our assessment will involve:

  • a comprehensive scientific assessment of biosecurity risks including the 3 pathogens of concern. These are Moko, black Sigatoka and banana freckle.
  • consideration of alternative risk management measures where required
  • a review of the 2008 import risk analysis to:
    • ensure the assessments of other pests are still appropriate
    • determine whether any new biosecurity risks have emerged since 2008
  • consideration of 2 additional requests from the Philippines. These were not assessed in the 2008 import risk analysis:
    • an additional cultivar known as GCTCV-218 or Formosana
    • an additional export province, Davao de Oro in the Davao Region or Region 11.

Our assessment will be a rigorous, technical, science-based process. We will follow the requirements of the Biosecurity Act 2015 and international standards.

We remain committed to upholding Australia’s biosecurity status. This includes protecting domestic industries from pest and disease threats. We will only agree to alternative measures if our assessment concludes the measures effectively manage the biosecurity risks to achieve Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP).

Notice of intention to conduct a BIRA

On 16 June 2026, we provided this notice of intention. It advises that we are conducting a BIRA for the importation of fresh Cavendish bananas from the Philippines.

Under the Biosecurity Act 2015, the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry or the Director of Biosecurity can decide to commence a BIRA to ensure import settings remain consistent with Australia’s biosecurity policy objectives and ALOP.

Notice of Intention to conduct a BIRA - Bananas from the Philippines

  • Download PDF - 135 KB

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Issues paper

On 16 June 2026, we released an issues paper for a 30-calendar day feedback period.

The issues paper outlines the assessment process. It also provides background information on the Philippines’ requests, what is being considered during the assessment and how and when we are engaging with stakeholders.

We held webinars on 24 and 26 June 2026 to discuss the issues paper, BIRA process and technical visit report. Both sessions covered the same content.

Issues paper - Bananas from the Philippines

  • Download PDF - 1.1 MB
  • Download Word - 10.9 MB

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Questions and Answers

Trading partners can request that Australia consider alternative measures for various reasons. For example, new measures may be identified that could manage a biosecurity risk.

Australia is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO)*. As a member, we must consider trading partners’ requests for imports.

Australia is also entitled to maintain an appropriate level of protection (ALOP). ALOP is the level of protection we consider appropriate to protect life or health within our territory.

An assessment of alternative measures is a rigorous, technical, science-based process. We conduct it under the Biosecurity Act 2015 and international standards.

We remain committed to upholding Australia’s biosecurity status. We also remain committed to protecting domestic industries from pest and disease threats.

We will only agree to alternative measures if our assessment concludes the measures effectively manage the biosecurity risks associated with importing bananas from the Philippines to achieve Australia’s ALOP.


*Australia has been a WTO member since 1995. The WTO is an international organisation. It deals with global trade rules between countries. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. By being a member of the WTO, Australia gets fair market access to other countries. This is of great benefit to Australia, as our economy relies on exports.

In 2018, the Philippines formally requested Australia consider alternative measures. This is for 3 main pathogens of concern (Moko, black Sigatoka and banana freckle).

In March 2025, the Philippines requested Australia consider access for an additional cultivar. This is ‘GCTCV-218 which is also known as ‘Formosana’. The Philippines also requested an additional export province. This is Davao de Oro in the Davao Region or Region 11.

Since 2018, we have been conducting a preliminary review of the request to inform our assessment.

We are now progressing the assessment. After completing the assessment, we will release a draft report for public consultation.

The Philippines requested Australia consider alternative measures to those proposed in the 2008 import risk analysis. The Philippines has not provided specific details on proposed alternative measures. It has requested that we consider its commercial production practices as part of these measures.

We are working with the Philippines to thoroughly understand its commercial production practices. This is to inform our assessment.

Our assessment will determine if the commercial production practices manage the biosecurity risks. The risks must achieve Australia's appropriate level of protection (ALOP). If not, we will determine if there are additional measures that would reduce the risk to achieve ALOP.

As part of the assessment, departmental officers visited the Philippines. The visit allowed us to see their banana growing practices first-hand. This gave us a better understanding of the risks and controls. It also informed us of the feasibility of potential risk management measures.

After completing the assessment, we will release a draft report for public consultation. At that stage, you can provide feedback on any recommended alternative measures.

The proposed risk management measures are available in the 2008 final import risk analysis report. The proposed measures included areas of low pest prevalence in combination with commercial production practices. These practices included fungicide spray, visual inspection and trash minimisation. However, the proposed measures were not definitive. Critical aspects of their composition and application were not specified.

To finalise these measures, the Philippines needed to:

  • define which combination of measures would be used
  • demonstrate their efficacy
  • propose how the measures would be implemented.

This was in addition to further review and approval by Australia.

There were costs and technical challenges involved in demonstrating efficacy. This meant it was likely not feasible for the Philippines to meet this requirement.

The Philippines contested the validity of the measures. They considered them to be 'very stringent, expensive and trade restrictive'.

The proposed risk management measures were never finalised. No operational workplan has been developed. Consequently, no trade has occurred.

The Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) only provides advice on Biosecurity Import Risk Analyses (BIRAs).

On 16 June 2026, we made the decision to conduct the assessment as a BIRA. We may ask the SAG at any stage in the process to review and provide comments on any aspect of the BIRA.

We may also draw on the expertise of independent experts to review and provide comments on the assessment as needed.

Our assessment will follow a rigorous, technical, science-based process. We conduct assessments in accordance with the requirements of the Biosecurity Act 2015 and international standards.

On 16 June 2026, we made the decision to conduct the assessment as a Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis (BIRA).

More information on how we conduct a BIRA is available at Undertaking an import risk analysis.

The assessment is limited to considering the biosecurity risks that may be associated with the pathway. The pathway is commercially produced fresh Cavendish banana fruit from the Philippines.

There are organisms not directly associated with the pathway, but that may potentially arrive with imported banana fruit. These will be addressed by Australia’s on-arrival verification processes and management if required.

These organisms may include:

  • pests considered not to be associated with the fruit pathway
  • pests of other crops
  • predators and parasitoids of arthropods.

The department considers these organisms to be contaminating pests (‘contaminants’ or ‘hitchhikers’). These pests could pose sanitary (to human or animal life or health) or phytosanitary (to plant life or health) risks.

These risks are identified and addressed using existing operational procedures. This includes requiring an inspection of all consignments during processing and preparation for export. Consignments will also undergo a verification process on arrival in Australia. The department will investigate whether any pest identified through import verification processes may be of biosecurity concern to Australia. If so, remedial action may be required.

We recognise that banana-specific expert advice may be required for this assessment. To support this, we are establishing an Expert Advisory Group (EAG). The EAG will be made up of experts in:

  • banana pests and diseases
  • production practices
  • pest management systems.

We may ask the EAG at any stage of the process to provide independent, expert advice on this assessment.

We have commenced the process to establish the EAG. We are committed to having members appointed by quarter 3, 2026.

We will not publicly release the names of EAG members for privacy reasons and to maintain their independence.

We undertake a risk analysis to assess the biosecurity risk associated with importing plants and plant products. This is a rigorous, technical, science-based process. We conduct it under the Biosecurity Act 2015 and international standards.

Learn more at How we conduct a plant import risk analysis.

We understand Panama disease Tropical Race 4 and banana bunchy top are of significant concern to the Australian banana industry.

As part of our assessment, we are reviewing the 2008 import risk analysis. This is to ensure the assessments of all pests and diseases identified on the pathway are still appropriate. This includes Panama disease Tropical Race 4 and Banana bunchy top. We are also determining if any new biosecurity risks have emerged since 2008.

This information will be captured in the draft report. We expect to release the draft report for public consultation in early 2027 (timing subject to change).

There are various on-farm biosecurity practices across commercial banana growing production areas in Australia. These practices are important in managing biosecurity risks in these areas.

We are assessing the biosecurity risks associated with the importation of banana fruit from the Philippines. We cannot require that the Philippines adopt Australian standards in their production. This includes on-farm biosecurity standards.

However, our assessment will include consideration of the Philippines’ commercial production practices. This will be to determine if these practices manage the biosecurity risks to achieve Australia's appropriate level of protection (ALOP). If not, the assessment will consider if there are additional measures that would reduce the risk to achieve ALOP.

Panama disease Tropical Race 4 (TR4) will be considered in the assessment of alternative measures. It is still considered a quarantine pest for Australia. It is limited in distribution to the Northern Territory and a small number of properties in Queensland. It is currently under official control.

From September to November 2025, we held several virtual and in-person information sessions. These sessions provided a forum to explain the assessment process and how we will engage stakeholders. They also provided an opportunity for stakeholders to ask questions.

On 16 June 2026, we released an issues paper that:

  • outlines the assessment process
  • provides background information on the Philippines’ requests
  • outlines what will be considered during the assessment
  • outlines how and when stakeholders will be engaged.

Once the assessment is complete, we will release a draft report. This will be released for a minimum 60-calendar day public consultation period.

We will then release a final report. This will take into consideration all comments received during consultation on the draft report.

We expect to release the draft report for a minimum 60-calendar day public consultation period. We expect to do this in early 2027, noting this timing is subject to change. We will keep stakeholders informed of any changes to this proposed timing.

We will provide stakeholders with as much notice as possible ahead of the expected release date.

We will advise of the proposed release date on our webpage. We will also notify the Australian Banana Growers’ Council and email subscribers to our banana newsletter. If you would like to receive this newsletter, please contact plantstakeholders@aff.gov.au.

The assessment of alternative measures is complex. We expect the full process could take several years to complete.

The next key steps in our assessment process are:

  • publish a draft report for public consultation
  • consider all comments received and prepare a provisional report
  • publish the provisional report. After the provisional report is published, stakeholders have the option to request the Inspector-General of Biosecurity (IGB) to review the process for conducting the BIRA
  • publish a final report.

Once the assessment is complete and provided the biosecurity risk can be effectively managed to achieve Australia’s ALOP, we would verify that the Philippines can meet our import requirements. This includes verifying that all risk management measures are applied effectively and consistently.

We recognise that the uncertainty regarding the outcome may be causing concern. We are committed to engaging with stakeholders throughout the assessment. We encourage interested stakeholders to subscribe to receive updates. You can find information on how to subscribe at the bottom of this page under ‘Keep informed’.

We remain committed to upholding Australia’s biosecurity status. This means protecting our domestic industries and environment from pest and disease threats.

We will only agree to alternative measures if our assessment concludes that the measures effectively manage the biosecurity risks associated with importing bananas from the Philippines to achieve Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP).

Australia must apply ALOP when conducting a risk assessment. This is in keeping with the Biosecurity Act 2015 and our obligations as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Australia’s ALOP is expressed as providing a high level of protection for plant, animal and human life and health. ALOP aims to reduce risk to a very low level, but not to zero.

If Australia was to take a zero-risk approach to biosecurity we would have no tourists, no international travel and no imports.

Australia accepts imports only when the department is confident the risks of pests and diseases can be managed to achieve Australia’s ALOP.

Importantly, we won’t compromise on biosecurity to allow trade.

Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP) is expressed as providing a high level of protection for plant, animal and human life and health. ALOP aims to reduce risk to a very low level, but not to zero.

The definition of ALOP was agreed to by the Australian Government and all state and territory governments. It is prescribed in the Biosecurity Act 2015. We apply the same definition of ALOP in all our import risk analyses.

We conduct import risk analyses to assess the biosecurity risk associated with the importation of a commodity. This could be a particular animal, plant or animal/plant product. If the biosecurity risk does not achieve Australia’s ALOP, and there are no suitable measures to reduce the risk to achieve ALOP, imports will not be allowed.

More information is available at Appropriate level of protection.

We must consider the Philippines’ request for alternative measures. This is due to Australia’s international obligations as a member of the World Trade Organization.

International trade rules support Australia’s position as a major global exporter of agricultural goods.

It is important that we respond to this request within the accepted international trade framework. This helps to reinforce that we are a trustworthy partner in international trade. In the same way, other countries are obliged to respond to Australia’s market access requests.

Where possible, we must develop import conditions that:

  • achieve Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP)
  • are scientifically justified
  • do not unreasonably restrict trade.

In 2002, the Philippines lodged a trade dispute with the WTO (DS270). The dispute focussed on measures affecting horticultural imports to Australia, including bananas. The case remains dormant, but the Philippines can request recommencement at any time. If this happens, a panel could convene within 10 days.

We acknowledge that there is a strong supply of Australian grown horticultural produce. We also acknowledge that imported agricultural goods can directly compete with Australian goods.

Our assessment of biosecurity risk cannot consider the potential economic impact of market competition. It also can’t consider the net national benefit resulting from imports. This is due to our international trade obligations and the Biosecurity Act 2015.

Our pest risk assessments examine the potential economic impact of pests and diseases. We assess the impact of a pest or disease if it was to enter, establish and spread in Australia, as a result of importing a product.

As a WTO member, Australia must develop import conditions that address associated risks. Import conditions must be scientifically justified and not unreasonably restrict trade.

Where the risk of the imports cannot be reduced to an acceptable level, we will not permit those imports.

Trading partners use the same principles when assessing Australian market access requests.

If imports are allowed, any concerns about dumping can be addressed by making an application to the Anti-Dumping Commission. The commission investigates the alleged dumping and subsidisation of goods exported to Australia. It makes recommendations on whether to impose duties. More information is available on the Anti-Dumping Commission website. Small businesses can also get help from the International Trade Remedies Advisory service.

We conduct risk analyses in response to a market access request from a trading partner. The relevant government authority of another country can make a market access request. Australian stakeholders can also make a request.

This assessment is in response to a market access request from the Philippines. Their relevant government authority is the Bureau of Plant Industry. The Philippines first submitted the market access request in 1995. Cavendish bananas remain the Philippines’ top priority for horticultural market access to Australia.

Australia completed an import risk analysis for bananas from the Philippines in 2008.

In 2018, the Philippines made a formal request to Australia. They asked us to consider alternative measures to those recommended in the 2008 risk analysis for the 3 main pathogens of concern. These were Moko, black Sigatoka and banana freckle.

In response to this, we are conducting a scientific assessment for these 3 pathogens.

As part of the process, we will:

  • investigate whether there have been any changes to the biosecurity risk since the risk analysis was completed in 2008
  • consider any new scientific information
  • assess current commercial production practices that may affect the biosecurity risk
  • examine whether any new biosecurity risks have emerged.

In March 2025, the Philippines requested Australia consider an additional cultivar and export province:

  • Cavendish cultivar ‘GCTCV-218’ or Formosana
  • export province Davao de Oro in the Davao Region or Region 11.

These were not assessed in the 2008 import risk analysis. We will consider this request at the same time as the assessment of alternative measures. Noting that:

  • The 2008 Philippine banana import risk analysis was unusual in scope. It was restricted to specific provinces and assessed individual cultivars. Generally, our risk analyses cover the whole exporting country and the entire species.
  • It is not unreasonable for the Philippines’ to make these requests. It is also not out of keeping with our standard import risk analysis approach.
  • We will include the new cultivar and export province in the current assessment. This is to determine if they pose any different biosecurity risks to those identified in the 2008 risk analysis.
  • We will make sure that any such risks are considered and managed appropriately, if needed.

Yes, this assessment will apply to 5 cultivars of Cavendish bananas, in line with the market access request from the Philippines.

We are conducting the assessment in line with the market access request from the Philippines. The assessment will only apply to the 5 cultivars of Cavendish bananas the Philippines requested:

  • Extra Dwarf
  • Giant Cavendish
  • Grand Nain
  • Williams
  • ‘GCTCV-218’ (also known as Formosana)*.

The assessment will also only apply to the specific regions on the island of Mindanao:

  • Davao: Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, Davao Occidental and Davao de Oro*
  • Cotabato: South Cotabato, North Cotabato and Sarangani
  • Bukidnon.

To include more varieties or regions now would involve significantly more work. It would also pose operational challenges.

*In March 2025, the Philippines requested Australia consider this additional Cavendish variety and export province.

We will only agree to alternative measures if our assessment concludes the measures effectively manage the biosecurity risks. That is, they are managed to achieve Australia’s ALOP.

If we reach this conclusion, there would be several further steps before trade could start. This includes verifying that the Philippines can meet the import requirements.

Due to the complexity of this assessment, the full process could take several years.

If imports start, the feasibility of trade ultimately depends on Australian consumers.

Consumers can make informed decisions about what they buy. This can be based on quality, price and country of origin specified in labelling laws.

If the final report recommends that the importation of bananas from the Philippines could be safely permitted, there are additional steps before any trade could begin. This includes verifying that the Philippines can meet the import requirements.

We would develop a government-to-government operational work plan setting out how the Philippines would implement the import requirements. The work plan would include an agreed system for the assurance and verification of the plant health status of bananas exported to Australia. It would detail aspects such as:

  • the system of traceability
  • the registration of farms and packing houses
  • auditing and verification
  • pre-export phytosanitary inspection
  • on-arrival phytosanitary verification by the department
  • the compliance action should non-compliance be detected.

The department would only publish import conditions if we are confident that export trade will meet the terms of the work plan. We gain this confidence through audits, and obtaining evidence of the Philippine government’s approval and registration activities.

If import conditions are published, importers will require a valid import permit. The department must be confident that the importer understands the required import conditions.

If trade begins, every consignment will be subject to inspection before it leaves the Philippines and at the Australian border. These inspections are to verify compliance with import conditions. They also confirm freedom from pests and diseases of biosecurity concern. Goods arriving in Australia that do not meet Australia’s import conditions will be managed, exported, or destroyed.

If trade begins and non-compliance occurs, we reserve the right to suspend imports and audit the system. Imports would only start again when we are satisfied that appropriate corrective action has been taken.

We will use information from multiple sources to inform our assessment. This includes information shared between governments. Some of this information cannot be publicly released. This same principle applies when Australia is seeking market access to other countries.

We will include relevant information in the draft report. This will include a summary of production practices in the Philippines.

The Philippines made a request in March 2025 for Australia to consider a new cultivar for import. This additional Cavendish cultivar is ‘GCTCV-218’ or Formosana. It was not assessed in the 2008 Philippine banana import risk analysis.

Differences between cultivars typically have few implications for biosecurity risk. But there can be differences in the plants’ biological characteristics. These can include differences in:

  • susceptibility to pests
  • how symptoms of infection/infestation are expressed.

This can affect the way a pest associates with an imported commodity.

We published the import risk analysis in 2008. Given the length of time since then, we will assess whether there are any different biosecurity risks to those identified in the 2008 report. We will make sure that any such risks are considered and managed appropriately, if needed.

All food sold in Australia must meet Australia’s food standards.

Australian law requires that all food, including imported fresh fruit, must meet the standards set out in the:

  • Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code
  • food laws of each state and territory
  • requirements of the Imported Food Control Act 1992.

The same food safety laws that apply to domestic food also apply to imported food.

Imported fruit may also need to meet commercial sale requirements mandated by a retail store. These requirements are usually determined by each retailer. Australian retailers manage a range of requirements under their supply standards assurance programs, which they can apply to Australian and imported food. It is not the department’s role to comment on these requirements.

We are aware of the regulations applied by Australian state and territory governments. This includes for specific banana pests and diseases on the movement of banana fruit between jurisdictions.

It is important to note that we cannot apply measures for pests on imported goods that are more stringent than what is applied domestically for the same pests if they are under official control in Australia. When proposing measures to manage pests or diseases on imported fresh Philippine bananas, we will consider any control measures that may apply for that specific pest or disease domestically, if they are technically justified.

‘Official control’ applies when the Commonwealth officially recognises measures that a state or territory government puts in place to contain and control a specific pest or disease within their jurisdiction. These mandatory activities include:

  • containment or suppression activities (mostly involves destruction, disposal and decontamination)
  • surveillance in the area where the pest or disease could establish
  • movement restrictions so the pest or disease does not spread to an area that is not affected.

Considerations of the following are outside the scope of this biosecurity assessment:

  • modern slavery
  • ethical employment
  • occupational health and safety (OH&S)
  • environmental standards.

The Philippines and Australia are both members of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). As members, both countries are obligated to uphold the ILO commitments. These are outlined in the ILO Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up (1998). These commitments include overseeing fair and responsible employment practices. They also include ensuring a safe and healthy working environment across all industries in their countries.

The Australian Government is committed to ensuring the supply chains we use do not promote, condone or financially support modern slavery. This commitment is supported by various laws, policies and international agreements. This includes the Modern Slavery Act 2018.

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is responsible for matters relating to labour and workplace practices in the context of trade.

Yes. One of the considerations in our assessment is the potential consequences of a pest or disease on the environment.

More information is available at How we conduct a plant import risk analysis.

On the visit we had a risk assessor, an auditor, a technical expert in banana production systems and a tropical plant pathologist. Australia’s Agriculture Counsellor to the Philippines also attended the visit.

We engaged closely with the Philippines to organise the technical visit. We visited several plantations and packing houses that currently export Cavendish bananas, in multiple Cavendish banana growing provinces on Mindanao. These provinces are where most bananas are produced in the Philippines. We saw different companies and different scales of operation.

We acknowledge that there are variations in production practices and that best practice may not be applied consistently at all locations. We take this into consideration when using observations from the visit in the assessment.

The primary purpose of the visit was to understand what practices are used. It is only one source of information we use to assess the risk, in line with international standards.

We undertake an import risk analysis to assess any biosecurity risks associated with the good. We assess if these risks can be managed to achieve Australia's appropriate level of protection (ALOP). If the risk cannot be managed effectively, we will not permit trade.

There are several steps after we complete an import risk analysis. We check that the exporting country can meet any risk management measures recommended in the final report. We then publish import conditions on our Biosecurity Import Conditions System (BICON). This signifies that trade can commence.

Between 2015 and 2025, we finalised 26 import risk analyses for fresh horticultural produce. More information on our plant import risk analyses is available at Plant risk analyses.

  • For 8 of the 26 risk analyses, we are currently verifying that the exporting country can meet the risk management measures.
  • For the remaining 18, we have published import conditions on BICON. This signifies that trade can commence.
  • Of these 18, 13 have resulted in trade.
  • To summarise, of the 26 finalised import risk analyses between 2015 and 2025, 13 have resulted in trade.

It is important to note that the decision to commence trade is a commercial decision. This decision is between an exporter in the exporting country and an importer in Australia.

Australia receives a large number of import requests each year. These are for a variety of different commodities.

As a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Australia must consider these import requests.

The assessment for bananas from the Philippines does not set a precedent. Each import request is considered and prioritised independent of each other.

Australia permits imports of a range of fresh horticultural produce from various countries. These include mangoes, table grapes, dragon fruit, strawberries, avocados, pineapples, jujubes, pomegranates, melons and passionfruit.

The decision to commence imports is a commercial decision. This decision is between an exporter in the exporting country and an importer in Australia who can meet the import conditions.

For more information, please contact us at: plantstakeholders@aff.gov.au.

Summary of engagement

We remain committed to engaging with stakeholders throughout this assessment.

We are engaging widely with industry groups and key bodies. We are also engaging with state and territory governments and other stakeholders.

A summary of engagement is provided below. This list will be kept updated throughout the assessment process.

DateEngagement activityStakeholders
Monday 15 September 2025Meetings with key stakeholder groups to provide advanced notice of the public notification

State and territory Plant Health Managers

Australian Banana Growers' Council

Tuesday 16 September 2025Public notification that we are conducting the assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the PhilippinesAll stakeholders
Thursday 18 September 2025Meeting with state and territory Plant Health Managers and their staffState and territory Plant Health Managers
Wednesday 17, Friday 19 and Wednesday 24 September 2025Online information sessionsAll interested stakeholders
Monday 13 October 2025, from 3:00pm AESTIn-person information session at Innisfail, QueenslandAll interested stakeholders
Tuesday 14 October 2025, from 1:00pm AESTIn-person information session at Mareeba, QueenslandAll interested stakeholders
Wednesday 15 October 2025, from 4:00pm AEDTIn-person information session at Murwillumbah, New South WalesAll interested stakeholders
Thursday 16 October 2025, from 2:30pm AEDTIn-person information session at Coffs Harbour, New South WalesAll interested stakeholders
Thursday 23 October 2025, 3:00pm – 3:30pm AEDTOnline information sessionAll interested stakeholders
Tuesday 28 and Wednesday 29 October 2025Banana farm and packhouse visits, Far North QueenslandN/A
Monday 17 November 2025Issue 1 of our newsletter: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines updateStakeholders registered to receive regular updates (see ‘Keep informed’ section)
Wednesday 19 November 2025Banana farm and packhouse visits, Carnarvon, Western AustraliaN/A
Wednesday 19 November 2025, 1:00pm – 4:00pm AWSTIn-person information session at Carnarvon, Western AustraliaAll interested stakeholders
Wednesday 3 December 2025Issue 2 of our newsletter: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines updateStakeholders registered to receive regular updates (see ‘Keep informed’ section)
Wednesday 25 February 2026Issue 3 of our newsletter: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines updateStakeholders registered to receive regular updates (see ‘Keep informed’ section)
Tuesday 16 June 2026Publication of the Notice of intention to conduct the assessment as a BIRA, release of the issues paper for feedback and publication of the report on the technical visit to the PhilippinesAll interested stakeholders
Tuesday 16 June 2026Issue 4 of our newsletter: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines updateStakeholders registered to receive regular updates (see ‘Keep informed’ section)
Wednesday 24 June 2026 and Friday 26 June 2026Virtual meetings with stakeholders to discuss the issues paperAll interested stakeholders

Resources

Download

  • Fact sheet: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines - 16 Sep 2025 (PDF 266 KB)
  • Fact sheet: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines - 16 Sep 2025 (DOCX 240 KB)
     
  • Fact sheet: Notice of intention and issues paper - 16 Jun 2026 (PDF 310 KB)
  • Fact sheet: Notice of intention and issues paper - 16 Jun 2026 (DOCX 222 KB)

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Webinar – 24 June 2026

Download transcript

  • Webinar transcript: Bananas from the Philippines - BIRA, issues paper and trip report – 24 June 2026 (PDF 308 KB)
  • Webinar transcript: Bananas from the Philippines - BIRA, issues paper and trip report – 24 June 2026 (DOCX 224 KB)

Download Webinar slides

  • Webinar slides: Bananas from the Philippines - BIRA, issues paper and trip report – 24 June 2026 (PDF 1.1 MB)

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Webinar – 17 September 2025

Download transcript

  • Webinar transcript: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines – 17 Sep 2025 (PDF 223 KB)
  • Webinar transcript: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines – 17 Sep 2025 (DOCX 247 KB)

Download Webinar slides

  • Webinar slides: Assessment of alternative measures for bananas from the Philippines - 17, 19 and 24 Sep 2025 (PDF 1 MB)

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Sessions in New South Wales and Queensland

In the week of 13 October 2025, we held in-person information sessions at Innisfail and Mareeba in Queensland, and Murwillumbah and Coffs Harbour in New South Wales. Dates of each session are provided in the above ‘Summary of engagement’ table.

Attendees were primarily banana growers and those working in the supply chain, as well as industry bodies including the Australian Banana Growers’ Council and Coffs Harbour and District Banana Growers Association, officials from the state government and other interested individuals.

There were approximately 80 attendees at the Innisfail session, and approximately 40 attendees at each of the Mareeba and Coffs Harbour sessions. There were no attendees at the Murwillumbah session.

Session in Western Australia

On Wednesday 19 November 2025, we held an in-person information session at Carnarvon in Western Australia.

There were approximately 22 attendees. Attendees were primarily banana growers and those working in the supply chain, as well as the Australian Banana Growers’ Council and other interested individuals.

Engagement report

The in-person information sessions were independently facilitated by Articulous. Articulous captured the discussions on paper, including the questions and concerns raised by attendees.

Articulous developed an engagement report summarising the discussions at each session. This is provided below.

The butcher paper notes taken by Articulous at each session are available in the below appendices document.

Download

  • Articulous - Engagement report – Feb 2026 (PDF 356 KB)
  • Articulous - Engagement report – Feb 2026 (DOCX 597 KB)
     
  • Articulous - Appendices to the engagement report – Feb 2026 (PDF 2.3 MB)
  • Articulous - Appendices to the engagement report – Feb 2026 (DOCX 4.2 MB)

Note: the engagement report and appendices document may not meet Australian Government accessibility guidelines as it has not been prepared by the department.

In late October and November 2025, the Australian Banana Growers’ Council facilitated our visit of several banana farms and packhouses:

  • On 28 and 29 October, we visited two farms including their packing sheds in Far North Queensland.
  • On 19 November, we visited two farms and a packing shed in Carnarvon, Western Australia.

These visits were a valuable opportunity for our technical experts to hear directly from growers, observe banana production and biosecurity practices, gain an understanding of the practices used across the different regions, and ask questions.

Download

  • Issue 4 (PDF 450 KB)
  • Issue 4 (DOCX 20.9 MB)
     
  • Issue 3 (PDF 343 KB)
  • Issue 3 (DOCX 20 MB)
     
  • Issue 2 (PDF 467 KB)
  • Issue 2 (DOCX 21 MB)
     
  • Issue 1 (PDF 550 KB)
  • Issue 1 (Word 20 MB)

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

In late March 2026, we conducted a technical visit to the Philippines. The purpose of the visit was to gather information on the Philippines’ commercial banana production, pest management and export practices. This report provides an overview of our visit. It outlines the scope and objectives of the visit, areas visited, key observations and next steps.

Download

  • Report on the technical visit to the Philippines - 16 Jun 2026 (PDF 1.4 MB)
  • Report on the technical visit to the Philippines - 16 Jun 2026 (DOCX 7.1 MB)

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

The 2008 import risk analysis

We released the final import risk analysis report for Cavendish bananas from the Philippines on 12 November 2008. We determined that the importation of bananas from the Philippines may be permitted. This is subject to certain biosecurity import conditions.

The 2008 import risk analysis report identified 7 pests/pest groups of concern. Of note were Moko, black Sigatoka and banana freckle. It also identified several arthropod pests. These included armoured scales, mealybugs, spider mites and thrips.

Five appeals were lodged in response to the 2008 import risk analysis. As a result, the Import Risk Analysis Appeal Panel (IRAAP) was established.

On 3 March 2009, Australia made a policy determination that the importation of bananas may be permitted. Imports are subject to the application of risk management measures. These measures are outlined in the 2008 import risk analysis.

The complete website from 2008 has been archived and is available.

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, March 2009.

  • Fact sheet - Biosecurity policy determination for bananas
  • Biosecurity Advice – Biosecurity policy determination - March 2009

Download

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, November 2008.

  • Final import risk analysis report for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines – Part A - Nov 2008 (PDF 389 KB)
     
  • Final import risk analysis report for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines – Part B - Nov 2008 (PDF 2.1 MB)
     
  • Final import risk analysis report for the importation of Cavendish bananas from the Philippines – Part C - Nov 2008 (PDF 2.8 MB)
     
  • Biosecurity Advice – final import risk analysis report - Nov 2008
     
  • Fact sheet – final import risk analysis report – Nov 2008 (DOCX 61 KB)
     

If you have difficulty accessing these files, contact us for help.

Trade

Australia-Philippines trade

The Philippines is an important trading partner for Australia. In 2024, the Philippines was Australia’s 9th largest agriculture, fisheries and forestry export market, valued at $2.4 billion.

Philippine banana production and exports

The Philippines’ banana industry is well established. The industry produced approximately 8.69 million tonnes of bananas in 2024. Approximately 50% of production is Cavendish.

Philippine banana production occurs year-round.

The Philippines export fresh bananas to multiple markets including Japan, Korea, China and the Middle East.

Australian banana production

The Australian banana industry is well established. The industry produced 368,701 tonnes of bananas valued at $719.4 million in 2024-25. Bananas are produced year-round with peak production occurring between March and November. Approximately 97% of varieties grown are Cavendish.

Bananas are predominately grown in Queensland (94%). The major growing regions include the Cassowary Coast (Tully, Innisfail and Kennedy), the Atherton Tablelands and Lakeland. Bananas are also grown in northern New South Wales, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

Banana imports

A policy determination was made in 2009 permitting the import of bananas from the Philippines. Imports are subject to biosecurity requirements. No trade has occurred. Australia does not currently permit the import of fresh bananas from any market.

Banana exports

There is currently minimal Australian banana export activity.

We have market access for exporting bananas to Japan, Republic of Korea and New Zealand. We also have access to unregulated markets such as Singapore and Hong Kong.

Keep informed

Register to receive regular updates

If you would like to receive regular updates on this assessment, please contact plantstakeholders@aff.gov.au. This includes when we update this webpage.

Register to receive biosecurity advices

Subscribe to ‘Biosecurity Risk Analysis Plant’ via our online subscription service to receive Biosecurity Advices. You will also receive other notifications relating to plant biosecurity policy.

General enquiries

Call 1800 900 090

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Page last updated: 17 July 2026

We acknowledge the continuous connection of First Nations Traditional Owners and Custodians to the lands, seas and waters of Australia. We recognise their care for and cultivation of Country. We pay respect to Elders past and present, and recognise their knowledge and contribution to the productivity, innovation and sustainability of Australia’s agriculture, fisheries and forestry industries.

Artwork: Protecting our Country, Growing our Future
© Amy Allerton, contemporary Aboriginal Artist of the Gumbaynggirr, Bundjalung and Gamilaroi nations.

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